All About Online News Article

Unknown Facts About Online News Article


The relevant vs. the new is the fundamental fight of the current age. Media organisations desire you to believe that information offers you some sort of an affordable advantage.


In truth, news intake is a competitive disadvantage. The much less news you eat, the bigger the advantage you have. Story are bubbles standing out externally of a deeper globe. Will gathering truths help you recognize the world? Sadly, no. The partnership is inverted. The vital stories are non-stories: slow, effective movements that create below reporters' radar however have a transforming result.


If more details leads to higher financial success, we 'd expect reporters to be at the top of the pyramid. Panicky stories spur the release of waterfalls of glucocorticoid (cortisol).




The 8-Minute Rule for Online News Article


News feeds the mother of all cognitive mistakes: verification predisposition. News intensifies this defect.




Online News ArticleOnline News Article
It also intensifies another cognitive error: the tale predisposition. Our brains crave tales that "make good sense" even if they don't match to fact. Any reporter who writes, "The marketplace relocated since of X" or "the business declared bankruptcy as a result of Y" is a pinhead. I am fed up with this economical method of "describing" the globe.


As stories create, we need to know just how they proceed. With numerous approximate storylines in our heads, this craving is increasingly compelling and tough to neglect. Scientists utilized to assume that the thick links formed among the 100 billion nerve cells inside our skulls were greatly taken care of by the time we got to their adult years.


Information tales are overwhelmingly about points you can not influence. The everyday repetition of news about points we can't act upon makes us passive. It grinds us down up until we take on a worldview that is pessimistic, desensitised, sarcastic and pessimistic.




Online News Article Can Be Fun For Everyone


Online News ArticleOnline News Article
It's a little bit of a stretch, but I would certainly not be amazed if news usage, at least partially adds to the extensive condition of anxiety. Points we currently recognize limitation our creativity. This is one factor that mathematicians, authors, authors and business owners frequently generate their most innovative operate at a young age.


I don't know a solitary genuinely imaginative mind that is a news junkie not a writer, not an author, mathematician, physician, researcher, musician, designer, designer or painter. On the other hand, I recognize a bunch of viciously uncreative minds that consume information like medications. If you want to think of old services, checked out information.




Online News ArticleOnline News Article
Culture needs journalism however in a various means. Investigatory journalism is always relevant. We require reporting that authorities our organizations and discovers fact. But vital searchings for don't need to arrive in the type of news. Long journal short articles and in-depth publications are excellent, too. I have actually now do without news for four years, so I can see, really feel and report the results of this freedom first-hand: less interruption, less anxiousness, deeper reasoning, even more time, even more understandings.




The 2-Minute Rule for Online News Article


Having books at home urges kids to check out for enjoyable and speak to their parents about what they've discovered. Students that have books in your home are more probable to score greater on examinations, according to a research of viewers from 42 nations. No matter the amount of books you have, yet each additional book helps youngsters perform far better in institution.


Researchers think this is due to the fact that having books at home encourages youngsters to review for fun and speak to their parents about what they have actually found out, which only stands to profit them in the classroom. Online News Article. One recent research of university student in the united state, Slovakia, Japan, and Germany showed that 92% of individuals preferred actual books that they can hold and touch and scan whenever they please


During the coronavirus pandemic, trainees globally shifted from the classroom to remote, on-line discovering. Digital publications have been with us for a years yet exactly how well are we absorbing it all?


Publish is aesthetically less demanding than digital message. It gives spatial and tactile cues to assist visitors procedure words on a web page.




Not known Incorrect Statements About Online News Article


They lack an important facet of the analysis experience: turning the web page., individuals check out a story either on a Kindle or in print and after that went through comprehension examinations.




Rather of getting better at electronic reading, we may be getting even worse. The researchers located print's advantages are greater currently than in 2000. In other words, this digital-reading trouble isn't going away.


"I'll never ever say that everybody should be checking out print Learn More Here all the time," claims Singer Trakhman. "Individuals are always stunned to listen to that I have a Kindle, and I love my Kindle.




Getting The Online News Article To Work


The habit of reviewing the paper may be fairly useful her comment is here in terms of expertise. For a lot of people, checking out the paper every day is instilled in their daily life, and they would certainly really feel insufficient without it.


It is critical to be mindful of what is going daily in our environments. Papers are the most trustworthy source of details on current events. You will certainly gain expertise of neighborhood, state, government, and international news. It is possible to maintain up with present occasions using print and on-line newspaper sources - Online News Article.


Every language is improved its vocabulary. Regular paper analysis can assist you expand your vocabulary. You'll come to be familiar with new words despite the fact that publications are edited by specialist teams. For a better grasp of the News reported in the newspaper, it is likewise beneficial to comprehend the terms and their significances.




Online News Article - An Overview


The capacity to check out is improved by frequently reviewing newspapers. Everyone is not browse around these guys able to appropriately recognize the prepared information.


There are numerous topics you can choose to review because papers cover a variety of subjects, and there is a subject for every single reader's rate of interest. Human psychology 101 describes that individuals can much better remember things they are interested in. Depending on your rate of interests, you can memorise the topics you check out when reading.

 

Unknown Facts About Usa Online News

The smart Trick of Usa Online News That Nobody is Discussing


I assume local political elections are very essential due to the fact that regional councils are really accessible to the people and actually they have actually obtained to listen to us so as a result, if they create suitable strategies I'll pay attention to them and I'll make my mind upon that. (Chris P3) Stories regarding health and wellness, education and learning, and the environment, which all have a hook to the political system, were provided a high ranking.


Stories that participants of Repertoire 1 declare themselves most not likely to intend to read under the majority of circumstances come from the topic classifications of pop culture (Beyonc, Story 29), celebs (the Kardashians, Tale 36), and royalty (Kate's child, Story 34) - USA Online News. Some endure soft news mainly for sociability, for instance connecting to in-laws: I have actually extra recently been taking place to the Daily Mail women page where you get junk regarding all the celebrities


(Jamie P13) They want political events yet not in politics in itself. They additionally such as stories that may be considered 'soft national politics', consisting of insurance coverage of the royal household yet likewise reporting on problems like the setting: Pollution is a large point with me at the moment, due to the fact that I see so much of it currently, and there's just inadequate done about it.




8 Easy Facts About Usa Online News Explained


And the ecological agencies are the worst for doing it due to the fact that they're refraining from doing enough (USA Online News). (Joe P9) The repertoire's social-humanitarian concern is likewise evident in story preferences for the redevelopment of a local historical market (Story 9) and the stunning story of a teenage lady who almost devoted self-destruction due to the fact that an unknown 'close friend' on Facebook tempted her to do so (Tale 22)




USA Online NewsUSA Online News
Don't recognize everything to ensure that's type of I switch it off as quickly as they begin talking about points like that. It's even more points that will certainly affect my family. (Jamie P13) Repertoire 3: Preferred Content Tale group Tale number Tale content Culture/arts/music 28 Piano prodigy International/EU 1 Paris against Airbnb Wellness 16 Program the tooth Way of living, food 14 Foods around the globe Strange 27 Canine lick Society: film/TV 30 BBC against Netflix Atmosphere 18 River plastic pollution Politics, editorial 32 Electoral watchdog Celebrity 35 Sir Cliff litigation Education and learning 17 Teachers oppose examinations Repertoire 3: Dispreferred Web content Story category Tale number Story web content Celeb 36 Khloe Kardashian Domestic national politics 7 Child burials International/USA 2 Trump and Republicans Human interest 22 Social network click suicide Human passion 21 Stalker try this out ruined marital relationship Odd 26 Kim lookalike The culturally oriented choice perspective of the four people in Repertoire 3 is characterised by their top position of a tale concerning 'the very best young pianist worldwide', a 'piano natural born player' (Story 28).


Take Legal Action Against P5 and Mark P17 have a typical passion in symphonic music. On the other hand Lucinda P16 and Philip P20 are not curious about symphonic music, however like the story because it has a 'cool' ring to it. Repertoire 3 demonstrates how a story preference profile can be shared by people with very different backgrounds and circumstances.




USA Online NewsUSA Online News
Repertoire 3 participants likewise value very some of the stories that participants of various other arsenals suched as, especially tales regarding kids and health/educational problems and ecological security. Their most dispreferred tales, typically dismissed by the members as clickbait stories made to entice visitors into reading, autumn in the categories celeb and human interest: Just celebrities.




All About Usa Online News


That's the reason that they are celebrities since they share everything. (Philip P20) Repertoire 4: Preferred Content Tale group Tale number Tale web content Modern 25 Muslims home-schooling Human interest 15 Kid strolls National politics, editorial 32 Electoral watchdog Politics 4 Quest violation of regulations International 3rd globe 3 India: woman raped Education 17 Educators oppose examinations Science 23 Giant drone Human rate of interest 22 Social media site self-destruction Oxford regional 9 Covered Market International, EU 1 Paris versus Airbnb Repertoire 4: Dispreferred Content Tale group Tale number Story content Strange 26 Kim lookalike Celebrity 36 Khloe Kardashian Lifestyle/travel 12 Preference Italy Popular society: songs 29 Beyonc Popular society: electronic useful link 31 Rayman Journeys video game Aristocracy 34 Kate's child What stands apart in Repertoire 4's news portfolio compared with the other 3 repertoires is the high ranking of 'tough' political stories, such as the story regarding the political pretension of health and wellness secretary Jeremy Quest (Story 4), placed around 25th by the other arsenals, and the content write-up 'Electoral guard dog have to be neutral'.




(Martin P8, Tale 3) Considerable interest is revealed for stories about scientific research and technology, a suicide caused by social media sites exposure, regional news, and international information. 'Huge drone can do whatever from rescue human beings to de-icing wind generators.' Modern technology story. Appears quite intriguing. And yes, I think it seems like maybe a life-saving invention so it's rather intriguing.




USA Online NewsUSA Online News
Airbnb. I suppose I look at this as being a modern technology story and concerning the clash of brand-new technology sites doing new points and governments trying to capture up. Lawmakers have not captured up yet. (Paul P25, Story 1) The 4 members of Repertoire 4 get their information from a combination of basic and much more specialised information sources.


Andrew P26 wants the tale concerning plastic pollution of rivers (Tale 18), but challenge the exaggerations he usually locates in stories regarding the setting: It's something that interests me however I have a hard time to find trustworthy resources of info around that. Due to the fact that once more it ends up being fairly sensationalised that everyone's going to pass away and we're all going to die following year due to the fact that we're going to destroy the world.




All About Usa Online News


We saw the number of of the top-ranked stories are indicative of a noticable public or political passion. These 24 individuals also inform us they will frequently click on tales that have no or little civic rate of interest which they come across online, whether on social media or a news application or website.

 

Little Known Facts About Usa Online News.

Rumored Buzz on Usa Online News


I have an interest in technology, however I think I am a lot more concerned concerning the world and what's left for my children. You can type of see school and the environment and regional political elections on top end. And after that a little innovation and a little bit of globe news and television and pc gaming.


(Michael P4) However, regarded topic relevance is not always enough ground for checking out a tale. Whether people disrupt their browsing in order to review a pertinent story additionally relies on whether they feel completely informed by other news media. Here Jessica reflects regarding an election tale: '"There are neighborhood political elections occurring quickly and here's what you require to know." When it comes to political elections, it is almost everywhere.




I already understand Netflix is incredibly popular, becoming much more prominent, and the BBC is most likely losing license payers.' (Paul P25, Story 30). Probing much more deeply into these conversations, we recognized 5 basing principles for recognizing news relevance amongst everyday citizens. We conclude by distilling these into a fundamental version of the variables that drive relevance.




Some Ideas on Usa Online News You Should Know


Individual significance typically originates in the reality someone we care concerning may take an interest. Hannah keeps in mind about a vehicle story that may appeal to her young son, 'That's regarding the Ford Mustang, so we would certainly have something to bond over' (Hannah P21, Tale 13).


Work-related matters are a constant source of significance. Paul, who functions in the NHS, states he would certainly review concerning a detraction worrying political leader Jeremy Quest (Tale 4) as a result of Search's participation in NHS cuts. For comparable reasons, Victoria would engage with a story about rape in India (Story 3) and one regarding psycho therapists recommending probation for the rapist John Worboys (Story 33): I like this particularly due to the fact that I worked in Sri Lanka recently.


(Victoria P22) There might additionally be a strong emotional measurement to the stories someone considers vital: As Hannah notes, 'Anything to do with bigotry, sexism, anything like that, it boils my blood. Sometimes I can read about I simply have a tirade and rave in my kitchen' (Hannah P21, Tale 24).


Take legal action against P5 would definitely read a tale about Oxford's historic Covered Market (Story 9): 'the point is concerning the Covered Market because it's local to where I live, isn't it, and when you go there, I suggest the Covered Market's part of the Oxford background'. The stamina of the neighborhood measurement likewise ends up being noticeable in the way individuals reject a story regarding Jeremy Corbyn presenting Labour's new nationwide totally free bus plan for under-25s (Tale 5); some erroneously regard this as a local tale about Derby, where the launch happened




The Usa Online News Diaries


Individuals seem to be very thinking about the royal family members and I assume it is among things that really holds us to with each other as a nation, since of that I want exactly how our nation deals holding us all with each other and makes us British compared to an additional country which probably doesn't have a royal household and how they cope.




USA Online NewsUSA Online News
He sees this as a tale regarding how the lawful system functions, and just how it sometimes fails to protect people from unfair accusations (Martin P8). Thomas is not interested in video games 'I do not play any kind of video games like that at all, I've obtained a life I'm worried no disrespect!' He values a story about a brand-new game called Rayman Adventures (Tale 31) as being concerning a technical development (Thomas P19).


If somebody claimed to me there was a post in the Sunlight I 'd go, oh, god, I'm not checking out that - USA Online News. Yet if it got on the table, with that header, I possibly would go, oh, okay, and choose it up and read it, really. (Elizabeth P15) An additional essential factor that decides if people check out a newspaper article or otherwise is the time offered in the situation where individuals experience the story, whether on social networks, a news media site, or the published web page




The Definitive Guide to Usa Online News


As next Lucinda told us: I assume one of the troubles with me having social media sites as my key kind of source or, like, my phone, is what comes initially in regards to all these tales laid out in front of me like I've obtained now. In the minutes where I have, like, an hour, I will certainly take place The Economist, go on the FT, BBC News and those it will be extra this design of things.


This model, depicted in Fig. 3 (listed below), acknowledges the value of brand however not at the expenditure of essential variables like closeness, sociability, previous expertise and above all the subject of a story. Figure 3 The factors that drive and specify news importance In enhancement to sustaining a basic version of news significance, this study yielded distinctive accounts of news passion that identified individuals from each other.


These newspaper article repertoires got on the entire found to defy cool group links and hence compel us to complexify our understanding of information interaction. Also, as we anticipated, individuals frequently perceived tales as belonging to different subject categories than we intended; audiences make their very own definitions, sometimes unexpectedly, in ways that spring naturally from people's communicative resources and life experiences (USA Online News).




USA Online NewsUSA Online News
If someone claimed to me there was a short article in the Sun I 'd go, oh, god, I'm not reviewing that. If it was on the table, with that header, I probably would go, oh, okay, and select it up and read it, actually. (Elizabeth P15) Another vital element that determines if people check out a news tale or not is the time available in the situation where individuals experience the tale, whether on social media, an information media site, or the printed web page.




The 8-Second Trick For Usa Online News


As Lucinda informed us: I assume one of the problems with me having social media sites as my main kind of source or, like, my phone, is what comes first in terms of all these stories laid out before me like I have actually got currently. In the minutes where I have, like, an hour, I will go on The Economist, take place the feet, BBC Information and those it will certainly be extra this style of stuff.


This design, depicted in Fig. 3 (listed below), acknowledges the value of brand name but not at the cost of vital variables like distance, sociability, previous understanding and most of all the subject Recommended Reading of a tale. Figure 3 The variables that drive and specify news relevance Along with supporting a basic design of news significance, this study produced distinctive profiles of news passion that distinguished participants from one another.


These newspaper article repertoires got on the entire discovered to defy neat market links and hence require us to complexify our understanding of news engagement. As we expected, individuals commonly regarded tales as belonging to different subject classifications than we planned; target markets make their very own definitions, often like this unpredictably, in means that spring naturally from individuals's communicative resources and life experiences.

 

How Usa Online News can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.

The Usa Online News Statements


The authors of Stanton said, "Keep throwing it on our lawn (USA Online News). We are grateful to have it!"


That's what you check out, isn't it?' Specifically, we find that: Relevance is the vital vehicle driver of information usage. People locate those stories most relevant that impact their personal lives, as they strike participants of their family, the area where they function, their leisure tasks, and their local community. Significance is linked to sociability.


Individuals regularly click on tales that are enjoyable, unimportant, or weird, with no evident civic emphasis. On the whole people want to stay notified concerning what goes on around them, at the neighborhood, national, and global levels.




Facts About Usa Online News Uncovered


On top of that, we recognized four certain kinds of news passion 4 teams of people with typical arsenals of news tales they take a passion in. Each of these 4 collections contains a diverse diet of news tales that come from various topic locations, reducing throughout basic groups such as 'difficult' and 'soft' news, or politics and enjoyment.


To the extent that reporters prioritise newspaper article with public worth, they should trust their instincts rather than counting on the unreliable seismograph supplied by 'The majority of Check out' listings. In spite of well-publicised dangers to the news industry, members of the public have never ever had extra information to pick from than they do today.


We use element analysis coupled with comprehensive interviews to comprehend individuals's information selections in the terms they themselves make use of, exploring their feeling of news importance and the degree of public rate of interest it reflects. Our technique permits covert patterns in people's news tale preferences to emerge, without enforcing the categories that scientists and reporters usually consider provided.




USA Online NewsUSA Online News
Checklists of 'The Majority Of Review' or 'A lot of Shared' stories, as an example, are based upon exposed information preferences as gauged by click-through rates, time spent, or various other types of audience involvement with individual tales. Scientists have actually elevated issues about the picture disclosed by such data (e.g. Boczkowski and Mitchelstein 2013). Topics like entertainment, celeb, scandal, and 'odd news' control 'Most Read' listings, recommending readers de-prioritise the general public affairs tales valued by journalists in favour of unimportant tales with less democratic value.




Rumored Buzz on Usa Online News


For the viewers, they will certainly often be brand-new to them. An additional reason 'Many Check out' rankings might deviate from people's bigger news interests can be discovered in the press variables connected to algorithmic choice, which trigger even more people to be revealed to tales that are currently trending upwards in regards to likes or shares.


Ultimately, it is essential not to assume that all stories in the celebrity and 'unusual' categories are democratically useless. However, recent study suggests that apparently insignificant newspaper article are in some cases reviewed in methods that go across over right into democratic issues (Eide and Knight 1999) and might come to be a stimulant for civic interaction (Papacharissi 2010).


We agree with Cherubini and Nielsen that 'all kinds of analytics have to face the restrictions entailed in utilizing quantitative indications to comprehend the untidy and diverse facts of just how individuals engage with journalism, why, and what it means' (2016: 34) - USA Online News. As the following area lays out, this study is created to locate alternative methods for recognizing individuals's rate of interest in public affairs news


Stories were likewise picked for prospective long-lasting interest; damaging news can not be included, because the research was executed over a number of weeks. This record draws generally on results of the card sorting in stage 3. For this workout, each story was represented on a simple card revealing a heading and a short subheading, published in a neutral typeface (see Box 1 and Appendix A).




The Only Guide to Usa Online News


Individuals were handed the 36 news story cards and asked to arrange them right into 3 piles: stories they would probably intend to check out if they came across them online, in print, or on social media sites; stories they probably would not desire to read; and in between a stack with tales they could intend to read, time and area permitting.




They were additionally told they could transform the placement of any More Bonuses type of card until the overall setup revealed their newspaper article click preferences. When completed, the grid therefore reflected participants' position of each tale about the other 35 information stories. Number 2 One participant's position of the 36 news story cards between 'Likely to check out' and 'Not most likely to review' By mathematically relating the story positions of the 24 participants utilizing element evaluation, we have the ability to identify 4 distinctive collections of study individuals whose information choices were most comparable.




USA Online NewsUSA Online News
For several, 'news' shows up to include both hard information ('the information') and softer selections ('newsy points'). The utmost moderator of whether they wind up involving with stories is viewed significance, regardless of where the tale drops on that continuum - USA Online News. Individuals in some cases discover it hard ahead up with specific reasons that they would, or would certainly not, review a story: what makes it relevant or not is decided on an instinctive basis


That's what you read, isn't it? That's why you inform on your own since you would like to know what's going on and exactly how it's going to influence on you and your life and your job. That's what is very important. Since you are her latest blog bombarded with info anywhere yet you only absorb the things that's actually that you that is pertinent to you, unless you're sitting there throughout the day watching TV.




Usa Online News Can Be Fun For Everyone


(Elizabeth P15) On the entire however, individuals clarify their importance priorities quite lucidly as they arrange the 36 newspaper article cards, and show a keen recognition of the industrial motivations that lead to the varied news fare they come throughout day-to-day. As one discusses, So the more probable, for me, would certainly be either things that are mosting likely to effect on me directly, or points that I have an active interest in.

 

The Basic Principles Of News Websites

The 4-Minute Rule for News Websites


The column has magnificently composed personal essays, which are engaging and not as well challenging to review., which turns the tales into staged reading performances.




The very best thing is that some of the video clips have That suggests that you might be able to find subtitles in your indigenous language, which can be a big aid when it involves recognizing the English video clips - News Websites. Some inscription choices I have actually seen consist of Spanish, Italian, French, Dutch and Japanese


The show is presently held by Trevor Noah and pokes enjoyable at current events, political leaders and news stories. and how U.S. residents regard and analyze various information. The excellent feature of this website is that there are hundreds of much shorter video clips to choose from and thousands of full-length episodes readily available free of charge online.




A Biased View of News Websites


Allow's claim you're checking out the Time for Children post "Should Plastic Straws Be Prohibited?" As you read, you're mosting likely to find strange words and idioms. Away, you'll run into the word restriction. You have actually got your pen prepared to make a note of the phrase. As opposed to dragging out a thesaurus, keep reading.


If the significance doesn't come to be clear, you do not have to hunt for the word later on. You've got your checklist all set. If you don't know a word in an online video clip, struck the pause switch and create words down. Come back to it later on and find the definition. Having the captions readily available for videos can make all the distinction in discovering English.


Rewind and play the exact same section again, however this time around with the audio off. Review the subtitles (those words at the bottom of the display) out loud. You have actually already chosen content at your discovering level and on subjects you appreciate. Reviewing the text with the video will aid you construct English vocabulary on things that fascinate you, plus provide you more self-confidence in your pronunciation.


As an example, allow's check out the means feminist concerns have been reviewed current throughout background. In English information write-ups from the very early 20th century, you'll locate a major concentrate on females's right to elect and you'll frequently come across words "suffrage." In the very early 21st century, feminist problems including equivalent pay at job or abortion choices have actually become much more click over here now topical (discussed), and you'll discover headings like these: "Feminism, Abortion Civil Liberties and the Female's March" (The New York Times) or "Sex pay void implies ladies 'helping devoid of now up until 2017" (The Guardian).




3 Simple Techniques For News Websites


This suggests you can presume the significances of words that you don't recognize and remember them for longer. If you inspect today's weather area and see the word "downpour," after that go out and get soaked in the heavy rainfall, you'll definitely remember what "downpour" indicates in the future (and will certainly recognize to get your umbrella).




News WebsitesNews Websites
This post is offered as a hassle-free and mobile PDF that you can take anywhere. Click on this link to get a copy. (Download And Install) Quynh Nguyen creates about performance for individuals and teams while travelling the try this out globe. She likes finding out languages, riding a bike and having numerous great mugs of tea.


He's appreciative that he was able to turn a love of learning Chinese and Japanese into a business that assists people learn languages with authentic videos. Dedicated on a daily basis to developing language finding out web content and items that people like.




The Best Strategy To Use For News Websites


It's obvious that a youngster's analysis skills are necessary to their success in school, job, and life in basic. And it is really feasible to assist ensure your kid's success by checking out to them starting at a very early age. Continue analysis for more information concerning the top advantages of checking out to kids and exactly how reading can sustain them for the future.


It refers to how an individual regards and thinks of his/her world through locations such as data processing, intelligence, thinking, language advancement, focus span, and memory. When you begin reviewing out loud to your youngster, it basically provides them with history knowledge on their young globe, which assists them understand what they see, listen to, and read.


Presenting analysis into your young youngster's life, and the conversations that it will certainly trigger, aids them to make feeling of their own lives, specifically at a young age.




News WebsitesNews Websites
This is because reviewing to your youngsters in the earliest months stimulates the part of the mind that permits go to these guys them to comprehend the meaning of language and aids construct crucial language, literacy and social abilities., more than one in three American children begin kindergarten without the abilities they need to find out to read - News Websites.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15